Liikenne-vuosikirja

Johdanto

Kalle Toiskallio — Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Henkilötietojen käsittelyn läpinäkyvyys ja joukkoliikenteen mobiilisovellukset

Sini Mickelsson, Robin Carlsson, Timi Heino, Sampsa Rauti, Ville Leppänen — Sat, 23 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Joukkoliikenteen käyttäminen on monelle kansalaiselle välttämättömyys, joten joukkoliikenteen mobiilisovelluksien toiminnan tulee olla avointa ja luotettavaa. Tässä artikkelissa tutkimme henkilötietojen käsittelyn läpinäkyvyyden toteutumista suomalaisissa joukkoliikenteen mobiilisovelluksissa havainnoimalla empiirisesti sovellusten tietosuojaselosteiden saatavuutta ja sisältöjä sekä analysoimalla teknisillä työvälineillä sovellusten tekemiä tietojen siirtoja. Henkilötietojen käsittelyn läpinäkyvyydessä vaikuttaisi tutkimuksemme perusteella olevan selkeitä puutteita: yli kolmella neljäsosalla tutkituista neljästätoista sovelluksesta ei ollut helposti saatavilla sellaista tietosuojaselostetta, joka kuvaisi henkilötietojen käsittelyä kyseisessä sovelluksessa. Havaitsimme myös, että osa sovelluksista lähetti henkilötietoja kolmansille osapuolille ja Euroopan talousalueen ulkopuolelle, vaikka sovellusten tietosuojaselosteissa ei tiedotettu tästä selkeästi käyttäjälle.

Travel barriers affecting subjective wellbeing in Tampere, Finland

Jussi Sjögren, Hanne Tiikkaja, Steve O'Hern — Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Travel is an important activity enabling everyday life, as well as a recognised factor for the wellbeing of people. This study examined how experienced travel barriers and their effect on access to important destinations influenced subjective wellbeing (SWB). The study comprised a survey of 772 people living in two suburban areas of Tampere, Finland. The survey included questions about everyday travel, travel barriers, and their effect on access to destinations. SWB was measured using the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). Responses were analysed by comparing PWI scores with travel barriers and access to destinations using one way ANOVA. Results indicate a significant connection between several experienced barriers and SWB. Some travel barriers were associated with a worrying decline to critically low level of SWB, which raised questions about transport equity and connections between travel and wellbeing in the context of Finnish transport system.

E-Bus Scheduling

Emre Elmas, Simone Zambrin — Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The following Review Articles aims at reviewing available literature regarding the introduction of E-Buses in urban public transport networks, with particular focus on the scheduling constraints of both vehicles and crews.

Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) are the type of E-Buses taken into consideration in this review through the lens of the Electric Vehicle Scheduling Problem (E-VSP).

By introducing the planning processes and scheduling objectives that the implementation of e-buses requires, covering then the most impactful constraints that emerge with their adoption (both complete and partial), and concluding with the illustration of the five solution approaches to the scheduling problem deemed more relevant by the authors on the basis of information availability and frequency of use, the article attempts to provide the reader with holistic level information regarding the topic.

Efficient bicycle networks and expansion strategies

Joel Talvitie, Veeti Kuivalainen — Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0200

This article explains some of the key attributes and factors relating to efficient bicycle networks and their expansion strategies. Varying from a network scale to brief discussion about the streetscape design, many scientific publications are referenced to explain the crucial aspects which must be taken into consideration when planning an attractive cycling network. Modal switch from other transport modes, especially from cars is one of the goals of this cycling promotion. Various methods such as building new bicycle facilities, improving the quality of existing ones and increasing the comfort and safety of the connections were found to improve the attractiveness of cycling in urban context. Additionally, this article analyses the reasons behind cyclists’ route choice as well as the metrics such as connectedness, directedness and coverage which can be used to measure the level of network functionality. Lastly, network growth under limited resources is considered and an equitable distribution of cycleways across the city is found to be important in preventing neighbourhood segregation while not being too far from a utilitarian kind of distribution in terms of return to investment.

Zero Emission Freight Transport and Impact on Last Mile Delivery

Samuel Babjak, Chirs Yung — Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0200

This literature review explores mainly the challenges and potential solutions in urban freight transportation, for last-mile logistics. The growing number of delivery vehicles in urban areas has led to problems such as traffic congestion, competition for parking spaces, noise, and air pollution. To address these issues, the paper focuses on the last mile problem in transportation logistics and the potential of disruptive innovations, a potential of disruptive innovations such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Autonomous Delivery Robots (ADRs) as alternatives to traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. It highlights the drastic operational differences between aerial drones and ADRs and the need for changes in operational procedures to fully leverage these technologies. The study also discusses routing strategies and delivery routes, emphasizing the shift from one-route delivery to a point-to- point model with the advent of autonomous vehicle technologies. The paper concludes that while these technologies can reduce costs and emissions, their effectiveness depends on the specific urban setting and operational factors.

Analysis of multimodal passenger terminal design and its effects on transfer penalty

Iina Rusanen, Florian Wiest — Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0200

With public transit systems becoming more and more sophisticated, the likelihood of passengers having to transfer between modes or lines increases. Transferring burdens, the passenger with added mental and physical effort, referred to as transfer penalty, which has a negative effect on the travel experience. The physical design of multimodal transfer terminals, such as train stations, can have a significant effect on transfer penalties but has received relatively little attention in practice. The aim of this review essay is to create an understanding of the ways in which the physical design of terminals can influence the transfer penalties experienced by passengers. Our findings show that terminal design can influence transfer penalties through actual and perceived walking and waiting times at transfer as well as the pure transfer penalty. We identified distinct categories of design elements and of other parts of the transit systems that urban designers can employ in influencing these aspects.

Relationships Between Weather and Cycling

Christopher Kane, Stefanos Kythreotis — Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0200

As cycling gains more traction and attention as a beneficial mode of urban transportation, different factors have emerged in different regions of the world to influence its adoption and promotion. One of the most wide-spread and colloquial of these factors is that of the weather or climate of the region, and how it may facilitate or, more often, dissuade cycling practices. Although it may appear intuitive that “poor” weather shall negatively impact the amount of cycling that occurs in a region, the reliability of this intuition is challenged by example locations where cycling in “poor” winter conditions is the norm rather than the exception, or where cyclists are relatively indifferent towards rainy weather. As such, the aim of this literature review is to identify the real effects of weather on cycling behaviour in different locations and uncover relationships between secondary covariates and responses to weather. Rainfall, temperature, and wind are identified as the three most important measurable weather parameters that affect cycling behaviour. In most locations, cycling rates drop significantly when it starts to rain, temperature thresholds vary between locations, and the effect of wind is only significant when above 5 Beaufort. Several studies also reveal factors that interact with measurable weather parameters to influence behaviour in significant and seemingly complex ways. These include the trip purpose, traveller sociodemographic, the characteristics of the built environment, and perceptions of normality. The identification of these covariates and a discussion about interrelations amongst them contributes to an explanation of why weather seems to affect cyclists in some places more than in others, while also highlighting directions for future research.

Dynamic Parking Pricing

Patrick Huber — Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Dynamic parking prices, which adjust in response to changes in demand, can be a useful tool for managing parking availability and encouraging turnover. However, there are some limitations to this approach. First, it can be difficult to implement and administer, requiring complex pricing algorithms and systems to collect and process data in real-time. Additionally, dynamic pricing may not be well-received by drivers, who may perceive it as unfair or unpredictable. Parking as it stands is a relatively ‘dumb’ system, and introducing any smartness into the system will include a number of added complications that can limit the uptake and the success of the system. This paper will look into the parking problem overall, introduce dynamic parking as a potential solution, and then delve into the example of SF Park. Finally further considerations and alternate solutions will be considered in the context of dynamic parking pricing to provide context and consider further research.

Cover and ToC

LSS — Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Cover and ToC